‘The Socio-Economic Impact of Second-Hand Clothes in Africa and the EU27+’ revealed that the sector stimulated an estimated €7 billion to the EU and UK’s (EU27+) GDP in 2023, of which the sector generated €3.0 billion itself.
In Germany and the UK alone, the industry is said to have contributed €670 million and €420 to GDP respectively.
In 2023, the sector supported an estimated 150,000 jobs in the EU27+. Of these 110,000 were green jobs directly in the industry, with opportunities particularly for people with little formal education.
79% of the workforce were women, and many employment opportunities were created in lower-income countries such as Bulgaria, Romania and Poland.
This report addresses existing knowledge gaps, offering insights that were previously unavailable at this scale, focusing on the EU27+ and Ghana, Kenya and Mozambique.
Green jobs
Up to 47% of imported second-hand clothing to Ghana was from the EU27+ last year. This compares to Mozambique’s direct imports from EU27+ accounting for 18% and Kenya’s 13% (not including imports arriving via intermediary countries). Only in Ghana are SHC imports from the EU27+ growing. In Kenya and Mozambique, while overall SHC imports continue to grow, the EU share is said to be falling.
The report was commissioned by Humana People to People and Sympany+.
Karina Bolin, circular textiles director, Global North at Humana People to People, said: “This report highlights the immense potential of the second-hand clothing sector to drive sustainable economic growth and create green jobs across continents.
“Now, more than ever, it is essential for policymakers to recognise the value of this industry and provide the legislative support and investment needed to unlock its full potential as a central factor for building a more resilient, circular economy that benefits both people and the planet.”
Johanna Neuhoff from Oxford Economics said: “Second-hand clothing is often overlooked in the broader debate on sustainable development, yet this report clearly shows its economic power. By keeping clothes in circulation and creating green jobs in both Europe and Africa, the sector delivers significant economic and social benefits.
“Our findings underscore the need for policies that support and strengthen this circular industry – ensuring it continues to serve as a bridge between environmental sustainability and inclusive economic growth.”
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