The way recycling and waste management operates in the UK is driven by legislation which largely derives from European Union directives. The key directive is the Waste Framework Directive which was revised in 2008.

The Landfill Directive (Council Directive 1993/31/EC) is also important to local authorities as it requires them to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste sent to landfill. As a consequence, nearly all councils now offer kerbside recycling services and an increasing number are collecting food and garden waste. Other notable directives cover end of life vehicles, waste electronics and batteries.

Companies and councils which handle waste also have to meet a duty of care to ensure their waste is handled responsibly. Operators must also register as waste carriers and obtain permits to operate.